Tuesday, May 12, 2009
Final Essay 1
Women studies can mean so many different things. It covers a broad range of topics such as sexuality, racism, and equality. The topic that was discussed in class and in our readings that influenced me the most was all the many different ways women experience inequality. We discussed how the inequality women face can come in many different forms. Some of the different forms are in the workplace, in the media, and in the way women are viewed. My argument is that women face many different forms of inequality compared to men.
In these 5 readings the author(s) argue against inequality in the different forms for women. The five readings that I chose to write about all in some way talk about the inequality for women. I tried to write about readings that covered several different aspects that represented inequality. The readings I am writing about are Jessica Valenti’s He’s A Stud, She’s A Slut, the combined work of Verta Taylor, Nancy Whittier and Leila J Rupp’s Feminist Frontiers, Jacquelyn W. White’s Taking Sides, Naomi Wolf’s The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty are Used Against Women, and finally a section of Kristin Rowe Finkbeiner’s The F Word. I chose these readings not only because they were what I found the most interesting but also they all have to do with my topic of inequality and helped me to better understand how serious of a problem inequality is for women. After reading these readings I learned that the majority of inequality comes from the workplace such as the fact that women who have the same job as men make less than they do. The articles about body image especially opened my eyes to the inequality women face in the media. I had never noticed it before but women’s bodies are advertised everywhere. This helped me better understand the pressures women face to in trying to fit in with what the media says is “beauty”.
To tie my paper together it is first necessary to understand what each article or story was about and what the author(s) were trying to argue. My first article I will discuss is He’s a Stud, She’s a Slut. This article is composed of nine different short stories of different ways double standards apply to gender. It covers topics like sex (He’s a Stud, She’s a Slut), toughness (He’s Tough, She’s a Tomboy), and leadership (He’s The Boss, She’s a Bitch). At the end of each section it gives ideas of how to help fix the problem that was discussed in that section. Valenti’s argument is that is not actually stated, but after reading the articles it is clear what her thesis is. She is arguing the fact that men are not judged like women. This relates to my argument of inequality by it relates to how portrayals of women are used in society. Women are simply judged more then men are. The actual article He’s a Stud, She’s a Slut within the book is a great example. It goes on to talk about how women are viewed when it comes to sexuality. If a man sleeps around he is positively viewed as being a “stud” but if a woman sleeps around she is negatively viewed as a “slut”.
The next reading is Naomi Wolf’s The Beauty Myth. This article is composed of 2 chapters of the actual book. The two chapters are “The Beauty Myth” and “Beyond The Beauty Myth”. “The Beauty Myth” discusses topics such as the way women are viewed based on physical appearance and things like clothing. “Beyond The Beauty Myth” discusses topics with how the “Beauty Myth” is spread throughout society and the “problem” with “The Beauty Myth” for women. Wolf’s argument is simple; she argues that with the “Beauty Myth”, women have lost a since of one’s self being. This fits into my argument by showing how women are targeted more in the media compared to men as to what makes someone beautiful which in turn is beginning to cause self hatred amongst women. I argued that beauty is something that is bought in stores now, not what is on the inside. Wolf argues the same thing. Research shows that the West’s attractive and successful women have a secret life, one that is full of self-hatred of beauty, age, and control (Wolf 10). Recently over the last few years men being targeting in the media has grown.
The third reading was the combination work of Verta Taylor, Nancy Whittier, and Leila J. Rupp’s Feminist Frontiers This reading was composed of a few pages about how women are treated unequally in the work place compared to men and what certain women rights organizations are doing about it. The authors are arguing that world wide women are getting paid less to do the same work as men. The use of hourly footwear factory (such as Nike) wages was used to compare the inequality. This fits into my argument because it deals with issues of inequality between men and women in the workplace. Un-equal conditions in the workplace are without a doubt the biggest form of inequality for women. Taylor, Whittier, and Rupp say that women in South Korea were making 45 percent of what men were making (460). This hardly seems equal to me.
The fourth reading was Jacquelyn W. White’s Taking Sides. This reading was about the comparison on if women and men are more similar or different from each other. It gives two sides of the argument, a yes and a no. The no side of the article argues that gender differences are very little on most psychological variables. The yes side of the argument argues that differences in equality are natural. It gives examples such as competiveness and how being competitive is a more “natural” thing for boys than girls and how male dominance is a natural. This fits into my argument because again it deals with both the equality and inequality of women. The equal side comes from the fact that the psychological differences are very minimal in areas such as abilities and social personalities. The unequal side comes from the fact that male dominance comes naturally for both genders.
The fifth and final reading was one of the topics discussed in Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner’s The F Word. The section I chose to write about is in chapter 4 and is titled “Gender Equality”. This section of the chapter talks about different ways in which women are treated un-equal compared to men, with most of the focus on the work place. Finkbeiner’s argument is that even in modern times women are still treated unequally in the work place. This fits into my argument because my argument was about the inequality of women compared to men and the workplace is probably the best example of inequality. The U.S. Census Bureau reported that women earn 76 percent of what men make with mothers being paid less and single mothers being paid the least (Finkbeiner 60).
With all the readings being summarized briefly and related to my argument, it is now necessary to briefly explain how the articles are related to what we discussed in class and how the articles are related to one another. We discussed many different topics in class but inequality was one of the first if not the first thing we really discussed. The movie Iron Jawed Angels dealt with issues of inequality. The women were trying to get equal voting rites that the men already enjoyed. Also some of the group presentations dealt with issues of inequality. A few group projects dealt with the issues of body image, how women are viewed in the media, or women in the workplace. Simply put these articles all relate to each other because they all deal with current issues of inequality, which were stated earlier in the paper.
I have honestly learned so much from this class along with the input of other students. I did not realize how big of a problem inequality was for women. I learned everything from body image, to politics, to media, to inequality. I can not go a day without seeing an ad in a magazine or a commercial on television without thinking about this class. I believe this class will impact my future schooling by making me realize all the problems women face in society and to better understand the hardships many women go through. This class was truly inspiring.
Final Essay 2
At the beginning of class we were asked to define what feminism meant to us. At the time I had no clue what it really meant so I put “the idea that women are better then men”. After about the first 10 minutes of class I realized what I had put down was wrong. Never would I of imagined that one word could mean so many different things from person to person. Every time the topic of what feminism meant was brought up, an argument seemed to break out. With so many different factors affecting its definition such as politics, gender, and social equality, it can be difficult to figure out what feminism actually means. Through out the class we discussed many different things that could help in defining feminism. Personally I believe this is just one of those words that depend on the person defining it. I am going to argue that my definition of feminism is correct for what I define feminism as. Feminism to me means the act(s) of people fighting for women’s equality in different aspects of life. In this paper we will look at different aspects that discuss feminism. I will talk about the history of feminism including the first and second wave of the feminist movement and the more contemporary ideas which make up the third wave. I will also discuss how Women’s Studies relates to my definition of feminism. To do this I am using sources from class discussions, articles, and the internet. To sum the essay up I will then discuss whether I am a feminist or not.
The first thing needed to be discussed is the history of feminism. Feminism can be traced all the way back to ancient Greece with people advocating for the basic human potential of women. The first real wave of feminism began in 1948. Around 300 people got together and rallied for equality among men and women. This was the movement that involved Sojourner Truth who is famous for fighting for equality among genders. The movement fought for many types of equality and accomplished a great deal. The first wave of feminism accomplished things such as reforms in professions, health care, and education. Perhaps the biggest accomplishment of the first movement was the fact that women were granted voting rights, which is what is said to have ended the first wave. The second wave of feminism began not to long after. This wave lasted from the early 60’s to the late 80’s. The wave began at The Miss America Pageant in 1968. Feminist were fighting for the fact that the Miss America Pageant was demeaning to women because it made them objects instead of people. This wave gave birth to many different minority groups throughout the world. Things such as Title 7 of civil rights act of 1964 which accomplished several things but main goal was to provide equal employment opportunities, along with the formation of the National Organization for Women was created. Along with these achievements women began publishing magazines that were meant for just women such as “The BITCH Manifesto”. The main issues of the second wave were issues on sexuality and reproductive rights. There were still feelings of unsatisfactory or failure with the ending of the second wave, which in turn gave birth to the third wave. The third wave began in the 90’s and is still being carried on today. This wave; however, rejects some of the older ideas from the first two waves. Feminist were no longer ashamed to wear lip-stick, high heals, fixed hair, and push up bra’s, which were looked down upon because they were viewed as making women objects, instead they said that they are subjects rather than objects. Sexuality is a big renovation of the third wave. Along with the third wave came a large amount of new groups over the internet. The third wave is said as being the “girly” wave but feminist of the third wave will say that they are just breaking boundaries. Its hard to say where feminism will go from here. Many older feminist from the earlier waves think that the third wave of feminist are not making any progress and perhaps backtracking from what they accomplished.
Next I will discuss how Women’s Studies and feminism relate. I will relate my definition of feminism which was the act(s) of people fighting for women’s equality in different aspects of life to what Women’s Studies is. Women’s Studies is a field of study that does deal with feminism but also deals with the theory of feminist and usually talks about the history of women such as women’s suffrage and women’s health. Obviously Women’s Studies and feminism relate in the fact that they both revolve around women. Without Women’s Studies feminism would be a very rare thing to come by because Women’s Studies discusses what the history of feminism is, where its going, the ideals of feminism, and allows one to develop their own opinion about it.
Now its time to discuss whether or not I am a feminist. To me the rights of women are very important. I believe that women should be treated as equals in all aspects of life, but do I consider myself a feminist according to what I defined feminism to be? No, I do not. I do not consider myself a feminist because I will probably never take any action as far as rebelling or fighting for the rights of women. According to my definition of feminism, I defined feminism as the act(s) of people fighting for equality in different aspects of life. The key word here is act(s). Since I will probably never take any action, at least as far as a protest goes, to further the equality of women, I do not consider myself a feminist. I will leave that up to people who understand women better than I do, such as women!
Finkbeiner, Kristin Rowe. The F Word. Chapter 5. New York: Avalon Publishing Group, 2004. 85-107.
Finkbeiner, Kristin Rowe. The F Word. Chapter 2. New York: Avalon Publishing Group, 2004. 19-35.
Taylor, Verta. Feminist Frontiers. 459-461.
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/392800/feminism_in_waves_a_brief_overwiew.html
http://www.pacificu.edu/magazine/2008/fall/echoes/feminism.cfm
Monday, April 20, 2009
Week 13, Blog 10
Monday, April 13, 2009
Castellanos paper
For this project I decided to do one of the first scenes, the honeymoon scene. I chose the Honeymoon scene because it shows prime examples of male and female roles, they may be taken to the extreme by what we Americans understand, but still show the gender roles. Important questions that need to be answered are things like what are the male and female roles, why do we as humans fall into these roles, and what can be done to fix these stereotypical roles. Costellanos has written a prime example of past problems but are still problems in modern times.
All through out the Honeymoon scene, Juan is shown as this dominant almost as a monster like man. He bosses Lupita around and seems to have a very angry tone of voice. He even says at one point “You made an oath on the alter to obey and do what I say at all times”. This to me seems to be the image of men when we talk about gender role that pops into my head. Maybe not so much the angry tone of voice but still the fact that the man is seen as the tougher and dominant one. It is everywhere you look in the media. It starts from an early age. In the video we watched about women in the media, she made a reference to how men were shown as these tough and almost emotionless characters walking around, while the women was always smiling and trying to get the attention of the man. Lupita seems to play the role of the “innocent” virgin. When talking to Juan she tries to express her feelings but without crossing the boarders that society has set up for men. Women seem to almost always take this back roll in society. Almost as to say “screwing in all the loose screws” of society. A stereotypical family would consist of a man going to work and the women staying home cleaning, cooking, and taking care of the children. I think these type of gender roles come in naturally though. It seems that men automatically take the stronger and leading roles while women take the more supportive and caring roles. This is just how we are designed as human being to operate; however, I am not saying that this is true in all cases, just generally this is how things seem to fall into place. Men have much higher levels of testosterone, which causes us to be a little more aggressive and have that “alpha” attitude then women do. Things; however, seem to be changing in recent years. More and more females are beginning to have jobs and are at higher positions in those jobs then they were several years ago. It is no longer strange to have both parents working for a combine income. No longer is it not normal for the man to stay at home and the women go to work. Castellanos seemed to have very strong feelings about these type of problems or issues. In the Honeymoon scene she made the man basically a monster while the women was innocent but still a rebel. I believe she is sick and tired of how women take the back seat to most things in life. In a more modern setting I believe she hates how when a man sleeps with a lot of girls he is a “stud” but when a women sleeps with a lot of men she is a “slut”. Society has made this seem natural and okay. Castellanos seems to be very upset with the way society looks at gender roles; however, and is trying to make a point to change it.
All throughout history men have been seen as the dominant and more powerful sex. Women have been seen as the caring and compassionate sex. These ideas are changing as we speak however. No longer do men always take the “alpha” roles in the family. More and more women are beginning to work and supporting the family. Times are changing, but will society allow for gender roles to switch? I honestly think that society will not allow for gender roles to switch because of how we are programed as human beings. It comes naturally for humans to have men as the “alpha” and the women as the caring ones. Castellanos offers good idea’s and examples of modern day problems. She expresses her opinions in a very clever and creative way throughout the story about how women are treated. Hopefully one day we will see both genders as equals; however, as of right now men will be the providers and women will be the care givers.
Monday, April 6, 2009
Blog 9
Sunday, March 29, 2009
Ethnographic Exercise
So when I got this assignment and it was over gender and work, one thing came to my head immediately, sexual harassment. After watching the clip of how women are viewed in the media in class this seemed like a fun project. This also came to my head based on what my sister does as a part time job and hobby. My sister, Danielle Armstrong, is a fitness competitor and a model. Naturally with my sister being a fitness competitor and fitness model the idea of sexual harassment came to me. So her job is to basically have the “ideal” body for a woman, a flat stomach with some abs, toned legs, and big breasts. So my question is sexual harassment really a common problem in work places?
First of all sexual harassment really makes me angry because it is extremely degrading to both women and men. Women by they are usually being the ones being harassed, and I said men because sadly enough this kind of stuff is what gives all men “bad names”. In order to do my study and observe my sister at work I went to the gym with her because that is basically her work. This was actually more fun than anything just because I am a very big fitness guy myself so I go to the gym everyday anyways! I how ever did not tell her I was going to be doing this study while there so she would not act any differently.
So when we went to the gym I basically stood back and just observed everyone around the gym and stayed away from my sister and observed people who would come up to her and how she would react. I had the typical questions lined up to ask her. They were things like have you ever been a victim of sexual harassment? If so how often? How does it make you feel? Having a job like yours you must have known that you would be sexually harassed often?
While at the gym, I observed all the people there working out. Not surprising to me pretty much every guy at the gym was checking out my sister. As soon as she would turn around or walk behind someone, the guys eyes or heads always turned around and stared straight at her butt. I honestly do not know if this is considered sexual harassment because the whole time I was there no body ever went up to her and tried touching or saying anything inappropriate to her. Actually the only people who even talked to her were other girls saying that she looked fantastic.
After our gym session I told her what this all about and began asking the questions. Danielle said that she has been sexually harassed several times at the gym by guys coming up to her and saying inappropriate things to her. I actually laughed when she told me what one guy said to her. He said “ Every time you squat, think of me”! Of course she did not think it was that funny. She said that she really hates when she gets harassed like that because it makes her feel like an object instead of a person, much like the women in the video of how women are portrayed in the media said. She said it does not happen that often. She said that she knew that she would be somewhat harassed just because she has the “ideal” body of a woman. I then asked her a question that she could not come up with a good answer too. I asked her if she hated it so much then why does she dress the way she did when I went to the gym with her. She was wearing a sports bra, a extremely tight shirt, and really tight short shorts. She said that she likes it because it makes her feel sexy and that it teased men. I then asked so are you not asking to be sexually harassed then? She had no answer except that men are perverts!
Obviously this was not a true experimental observation. I would have to do this numerous times to get an accurate idea of how common sexual harassment is in her line of work. If someone was wanting to do research on sexual harassment it would probably be best not to do the experiment on someone who makes a living based on being sexy. So from what I concluded from this experiment is that sexual harassment definitely does happen but its perhaps because the women or men could be sending the wrong messages based on the way they dress and act.
Ethnographic Exercise
So when I got this assignment and it was over gender and work, one thing came to my head immediately, sexual harassment. After watching the clip of how women are viewed in the media in class this seemed like a fun project. This also came to my head based on what my sister does as a part time job and hobby. My sister, Danielle Armstrong, is a fitness competitor and a model. Naturally with my sister being a fitness competitor and fitness model the idea of sexual harassment came to me. So her job is to basically have the “ideal” body for a woman, a flat stomach with some abs, toned legs, and big breasts. So my question is sexual harassment really a common problem in work places?
First of all sexual harassment really makes me angry because it is extremely degrading to both women and men. Women by they are usually being the ones being harassed, and I said men because sadly enough this kind of stuff is what gives all men “bad names”. In order to do my study and observe my sister at work I went to the gym with her because that is basically her work. This was actually more fun than anything just because I am a very big fitness guy myself so I go to the gym everyday anyways! I how ever did not tell her I was going to be doing this study while there so she would not act any differently.
So when we went to the gym I basically stood back and just observed everyone around the gym and stayed away from my sister and observed people who would come up to her and how she would react. I had the typical questions lined up to ask her. They were things like have you ever been a victim of sexual harassment? If so how often? How does it make you feel? Having a job like yours you must have known that you would be sexually harassed often?
While at the gym, I observed all the people there working out. Not surprising to me pretty much every guy at the gym was checking out my sister. As soon as she would turn around or walk behind someone, the guys eyes or heads always turned around and stared straight at her butt. I honestly do not know if this is considered sexual harassment because the whole time I was there no body ever went up to her and tried touching or saying anything inappropriate to her. Actually the only people who even talked to her were other girls saying that she looked fantastic.
After our gym session I told her what this all about and began asking the questions. Danielle said that she has been sexually harassed several times at the gym by guys coming up to her and saying inappropriate things to her. I actually laughed when she told me what one guy said to her. He said “ Every time you squat, think of me”! Of course she did not think it was that funny. She said that she really hates when she gets harassed like that because it makes her feel like an object instead of a person, much like the women in the video of how women are portrayed in the media said. She said it does not happen that often. She said that she knew that she would be somewhat harassed just because she has the “ideal” body of a woman. I then asked her a question that she could not come up with a good answer too. I asked her if she hated it so much then why does she dress the way she did when I went to the gym with her. She was wearing a sports bra, a extremely tight shirt, and really tight short shorts. She said that she likes it because it makes her feel sexy and that it teased men. I then asked so are you not asking to be sexually harassed then? She had no answer except that men are perverts!
Obviously this was not a true experimental observation. I would have to do this numerous times to get an accurate idea of how common sexual harassment is in her line of work. If someone was wanting to do research on sexual harassment it would probably be best not to do the experiment on someone who makes a living based on being sexy. So from what I concluded from this experiment is that sexual harassment definitely does happen but its perhaps because the women or men could be sending the wrong messages based on the way they dress and act.
Sunday, March 22, 2009
Week 8
Sunday, March 8, 2009
Week 7: Movie Review
Thursday, January 22, 2009
Week 1
Its kind of a long story as to why I am taking Women Studies but to make a long story short my adviser talked me into it.
1. Why do women care so much about their looks?
2. Who are some strong role models for women?
3. Why do women say one thing but mean something completely different?
4. How did the stereotype of women come to be?
5. When will women probably be considered equal?